Viability of Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus)(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Pupae during Winter in the South Bay Area of San Francisco, California, USA

First Author: 

  • Schaefer

Type: 

  • Article

Year: 

2025

Source: 

  • Journalof the Lepidopterists' Society

Category: 

  • Environmental performance, Overwinter dynamics, Natural enemies, Resource use

Full Reference: 

Schaefer, M. C., & James, D. G. (2024). Viability of Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus)(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Pupae during Winter in the South Bay Area of San Francisco, California, USA. The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 78(2), 129-138.

Online citation: 

Viability of Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus)(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Pupae during Winter in the South Bay Area

Study Setting: 

  • Field

Geographic Focus: 

  • Western Overwintering

Field Definitions

First author: Last name of the first author
Type: Article or book chapter
Year: Publication year
Source: Journal or book
Category*: Broad scope of the publication.
Research topic (monarch & supporting research only)*: Specific topic.
Geographic focus*: Geographic setting for field studies.
Monitoring data used: Data from monitoring or public data efforts.
* Full list